Germany has officially signed an agreement with Kenya to allow skilled and semi-skilled workers from the East African nation to enter Germany in a bid to address its acute labour shortage. The labour migration deal, signed in Berlin by German Chancellor Olaf Scholz and Kenyan President William Ruto, is seen as a win-win for both countries. While Germany faces a growing shortage of skilled labour, Kenya struggles to provide sufficient employment opportunities for its growing youth population.
The agreement, however, does not specify the number of Kenyan workers who will be admitted to Germany. It also includes measures to streamline the repatriation of Kenyans who are living in Germany without legal permission.
The deal represents one of Germany’s broader strategies to manage immigration effectively while addressing the critical labour market needs of Europe’s largest economy. The German government will ease certain immigration laws to facilitate Kenyans finding employment, especially in sectors experiencing a skills deficit, such as healthcare, technology, and transportation.
Already, five Kenyan bus drivers have arrived in Flensburg, northern Germany, as part of a pilot project, highlighting the practical impact of the new agreement. Claus Ruhe Madsen, Schleswig-Holstein’s Transport Minister, welcomed the drivers, stressing the need for both ‘hard-working hands and clever minds’ in Germany’s workforce. ‘We must position ourselves in Germany to make it attractive for skilled workers to come here,’ Madsen said.
Addressing labour shortages in Germany
Germany has faced significant pressure due to labour shortages across multiple sectors, exacerbated by an ageing population and a declining birth rate. As a result, the government has sought to attract workers from abroad to sustain its economy. The new agreement with Kenya is part of a broader push to bring skilled workers from non-European countries, particularly in critical sectors such as healthcare and IT.
Under the deal, IT specialists from Kenya can enter Germany and work without formal qualifications if they demonstrate the necessary skills. Additionally, Kenyan workers who secure jobs in Germany will be eligible for temporary residence permits, which can be extended depending on their employment situation. Long-term visas will also be issued for those wishing to study or undergo vocational training in Germany, with the possibility of transitioning to residence permits for further studies.
The deal further enables Kenyan students and trainees to access German institutions, fostering a pipeline of skilled workers for the future. ‘Upon the expiration of a long-term visa, Kenyan students may receive a temporary residence permit for up to two years to pursue their studies in Germany,’ the agreement states.
Concerns over brain drain in Kenya
While the deal is expected to benefit Kenyan workers seeking opportunities abroad, it has raised concerns in Kenya about a potential ‘brain drain’ of professionals leaving the country. Doctors, nurses, and teachers are among those likely to seek employment opportunities in Germany, raising questions about the potential impact on Kenya’s own critical services, especially in healthcare.
The European nation has a significant demand for healthcare professionals, but critics argue that Kenya cannot afford to lose its skilled workforce. ‘It is unfortunate that we are going to serve other countries at the expense of our own,’ said Kenyan lawyer and politician Ekuru Aukot.
However, Roseline Njogu, a senior official in Kenya’s foreign affairs ministry, defended the programme, stating that it reflects the realities of a globalised labour market. ‘We have a youth bulge in Kenya, with over a million young people entering the job market each year. It takes time and resources to create job opportunities domestically,’ she told the BBC.
Njogu emphasised that Kenya must balance its internal workforce needs while responding to the global demand for labour, especially in light of a youth unemployment crisis at home.
Safeguarding workers’ rights
In addition to job creation, the deal includes provisions to protect Kenyan workers from exploitation. It outlines guidelines to combat labour exploitation, human trafficking, and forced labour. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) welcomed the deal, noting that it would ‘significantly increase access to decent foreign jobs for Kenyan workers in Germany’ and address labour shortages in Germany.
‘The agreement includes mechanisms to ensure the rights and welfare of Kenyan migrant workers are protected, ensuring safe and productive migration,’ the ILO said in a statement.
The deal also spells out clear provisions for the readmission and return of Kenyan nationals between the two countries, ensuring that the migration process remains orderly.
Political climate and immigration in Germany
The deal comes against a backdrop of political sensitivity around immigration in Germany. With the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party gaining popularity, immigration has become a contentious issue in the country. Successive governments have allowed large numbers of asylum seekers into Germany in recent years, with over one million people fleeing war, mainly from Syria, during the 2015-2016 migrant crisis, and 1.2 million Ukrainians seeking refuge since Russia’s invasion in 2022.
Chancellor Scholz’s government has sought to strike a balance between meeting Germany’s labour needs and addressing public concerns around immigration. The partnership with Kenya reflects a more targeted and controlled approach to migration, aimed at addressing the country’s pressing economic demands while ensuring that immigration remains orderly.
Looking ahead
As the first Kenyan workers settle into their new roles in Germany, authorities are optimistic that the programme will pave the way for more skilled workers to fill critical gaps in the German labour market. Both governments have expressed their commitment to ensuring that the migration process benefits both nations, with plans to expand the programme to include more sectors, including healthcare and IT.
While the labour deal promises new opportunities for Kenyan workers, questions remain over its potential long-term impact on Kenya’s workforce, particularly in vital sectors like healthcare. Nevertheless, both countries see the agreement as a step towards greater collaboration in a rapidly globalising labour market.
The Kenyan government is optimistic that this collaboration will help alleviate youth unemployment, while German authorities hope the deal will contribute to the stability and growth of their economy.
Source: Africa Briefing & BBC
